ABSTRACT
Background: Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels have been studied in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19). Methods: We studied the utility of treatment with tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients (n=19) with a negative nasopharyngeal swab real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 who had suggestive computed tomography (CT) findings, namely, COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) 4,5. Results: Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum IL 6 at a cut-off of >56.9 pg/L was a predictor of mortality in nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR negative patients with suggestive CT findings. Tocilizumab had no significant effect on the mortality. Conclusions: In nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR negative patients with suggestive chest CT findings, elevated serum IL-6 levels > 56.9 pg/L predicted mortality. However, treatment with tocilizumab had no effect on mortality.
ABSTRACT
Background: In industrialized and developing economic countries like India, the technology transfer has significantly enhanced the quality of higher education, where the tentacles of digitalization have deeply entered education system, which opened the gateway of blended pedagogy, enabling a greater access to course content, learning preparation in peers and interactions. Across the globe, blended learning is applied in pharmaceutical education but it gained momentum in Indian pharmacy education during the global threat, COVID-19 pandemic. Aim and Objectives: The current experimental study of six months duration was performed to investigate the perception of pharmacy students towards blended pedagogy in pharmacy education at undergraduate level. Methodology: In the current experiment survey, a validated standard self-administered questionnaire with 28 inventories under 7 categories was administered to students pursuing undergraduate pharmacy programs in a pharmacy institute located at rural Andhra Pradesh for a period of six months, through online mode;data collection was performed in students showing willingness and further collected data was assessed through excel spreadsheet. Result(s): The study observed a two-third satisfaction on an average in terms of all the indicators which influence the blended pedagogy (teacher 71.8%, course content 74.8%, technology transfer 58.7%, interactions 78.8%, and constructive knowledge 73.7%). Conclusion(s): In conclusion, our study envisaged effective student engagement, with more facilitator-student interactions and adaptability;through blended learning which enabled, enhanced and transformed students to active learners.Copyright © 2023, Indian Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: SARS-Cov-2 infection during pregnancy causes adverse effects on the maternal and foetal outcome. In order to minimize the adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection, Government of India recommends COVID-19 vaccination during antenatal period with Covaxin and Covishield. Despite the recommendation of vaccination by the Government of India, there are few clinical trials and still there exists a gap in the knowledge and awareness of outcome of pregnant women after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Material(s) and Method(s): This is a prospective observational study conducted in 50 antenatal women who were already vaccinated at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India from August 2021 to October 2021. All antenatal women who were already vaccinated and attending the OPD were considered for further follow-up. Result(s): This study was conducted among 50 antenatal women who received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Among these antenatal women, 27 (54%) were multigravida, 23(46%) were primigravida, 32(64 %) completed 2 doses of covid vaccination, and 18(36%) took a single dose in antenatal period. Among the vaccinated 27(54%) pregnant women had no symptoms after vaccination. Though 23(46%) women had symptoms after vaccination, symptoms are mild and resolved within 48 hours. All vaccinated antenatal women were observed till delivery, among them 46 (92%) had term deliveries, 4(8%) had preterm deliveries and 8[16%] new-born babies required NICU admission. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with adverse immediate pregnancy outcomes or new born complications. Hence COVID-19 vaccination is strongly recommended in antenatal period.Copyright © 2023 Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Concern about vaccine hesitancy is growing worldwide. Vaccine hesitancy can have effects for both the individual and the community, especially in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A 16-item questionnaire was administered to 385 healthcare workers to find out the reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results: Their mean age was 36.6 +or- 9.6 years. 'Fear of getting side effects' (61.8%) was the most common reason for vaccine hesitancy, followed by reasons such as 'to wait and observe for some more time' (60.3%), 'doubts on safety and efficacy of vaccine' (49.4%), 'The intensity of COVID-19 has come down' (36.6%), 'self-perception of having good immunity' (33.8%), 'need to apply for leave' (30.3%) and 'Fear of death' (29.0%). 'To wait and observe for some more time' was the major reason for hesitancy amongst men. Security guards were more hesitant to take the vaccine, because of side effects, whereas doctors and sanitary workers wanted to wait and observe for some more time. Conclusions: Factors identified in the present study need to be addressed for overcoming vaccine hesitancy.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 has made a series changes in all system of life especially in education. As a result, education has changed dramatically with the distinctive rise of e-learning. The present study was aim to examine the preference and perception of MBBS student on newly introduced online live video classes. Method(s):An online questionnaire survey consisting of closed and open-ended questions on nine different categories such as accessing online video content, previous experience with online learning, interaction with video lectures addressing the content, duration, visualize, timings and screen size, perceived learning experience, the online content learning assessment methods and the experience with the online learning management system.Two hundred and thirteen undergraduate medical students were participating in this study. And it was conducted by the large medical institution in Andhra Pradesh. Result(s): The e-learning methods were encouraged and its gaining popularity among the medical students and faculty. Our analysis shown 97.7% students were highly satisfied and 2.3% were not satisfied with online classes on comparison to the traditional methods of learning. Conclusion(s):The teaching method and teachers support are the pivotal elements which enable online learning experience with a mutual relationship. Furthermore, the usefulness and acceptability of e-learning among medical students as a part of their curriculum is still not fathomed in medical education.Copyright © 2022 Indian Medical Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 situation severely affects different walks of life, especially service sector, Manufacturing sector, Tourism, Education, Transportation etc. The agricultural sector comparatively less affected. Visakhapatnam is no exemption from this situation. But There is a remarkable impact in certain areas in Agriculture in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. In Visakhapatnam district, Paddy is the major crop occupies 1 lakh hectares, It requires huge quantity of inputs, labor and needs timely marketing facilities. The study reflects that, the income level decreased by 11% during Covid -19 situation. The percentage increase in labor cost increased by 19% during Covid situation. The percentage increase in cost of cultivation in Paddy increased by 14% during Covid situation. With regard to Constraints, the major constraints observed are non availability of Labor, Reduction in labor working hours per day, Non availability of inputs, Late receipt of amount for sold produce, Exploitation of Middlemen, Non availability of advisory support, Lack of government support and Poor marketing facilities.
ABSTRACT
Nutritional supplements are essential driver not only for normal growth but also to boost immunity to fight against infection. Fear and lack of proper treatment for COVID19 have created many concerns worldwide, which has given rise to finding alternative options for prevention and ways to build immunity. Consumption of dietary supplements, herbal extracts, and other natural products has increased remarkably to improve immunity. People's belief systems have changed towards consuming supplements before and during COVID-19. The influence of social media and the other related sources on the internet were the primary sources of motivation for purchasing accessories. Though there is not enough scientific data to establish the role of dietary supplements and the prevention of COVID19, the sales of the DS have dynamically increased. The present study examines the consumer knowledge, fear, and attitude toward the purchase behaviour of supplements before and during COVID 19. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 214 individuals in the age group above thirty participated in the study. Patients visiting the hospital patient department participated in the study. The questionnaire was divided into two sections. The first section contains general information like age and demographics, and the second questions about purchasing behaviour. Behaviours were analyzed with SPSS AMOS, SEM analysis, and factor analysis. The results indicate a meaningful relationship between supplement purchase and fear, attitude, and immune-building stress. Most of the respondents consumed supplements during COVID 19. It was attributed to worry and to building immunityCopyright © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
Andhra Pradesh is one of the major tomato producing states in the country. The presents tudy was conducted to identify the adoption pattern of 448 variety of tomato in Ananthapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh which was released by IIHR, Bangalore. The study also includes identification of the major factors for adoption and find out the major attributes of innovation that led to the adoption of 448 variety. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The study included 40 respondents chosen by purposive sampling method. Data was collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule through telephonic interview due to COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical tools used for analysis are mean, standard deviation, cumulative frequency and percentage analysis. Profile characters of the respondents viz., age, educational status, occupation, farm size, farming experience, annual income, frequency of exposure to agricultural messages, scientific orientation and cropping pattern were studied. Based on the mean and SD values the respondents were classified into adopter categories. The results of the adopter categorization showed that two-fifths (40.00%) of respondents belonged to early majority and only 5.00 percent were innovators. Among the factors affecting adoption of 448 variety of tomato, majority (80.00%) adopted due to their own interest and with the influence of friends and neighbours. Compatibility (95.00%) and observability (82.50%) of the variety played an important role among the attributes of innovation for the adoption of 448 variety of tomato among the respondents.
ABSTRACT
The impact of COVID-19 and resultant lockdown were quite harsh on agriculture sector of India. Tapioca and plantain farmers suffered the most in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh during COVID-19 pandemic. In this context the present study was conducted to develop a scale to measure impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pre farmgate-post farmgate operations of tapioca growers in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Four dimensions were identified based on literature review & expert opinion for easy classification and measuring the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. A total 200 statements under four dimensions of impact of COVID-19 pandemic was collected, out of these 80 consistent statements were selected through relevancy test. Out of 80 statements, these 43 statements were retained on the final scale through t-test item analysis. Reliability and validity of the scale indicates its consistency and precision of the results. This scale was found to be reliable and valid.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Corona virus disease-19 (COVID -19) infection is an acute infectious disease caused by a newly discovered beta corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While the primary target organ is the lungs, involvement of many other organs is often evident in patients with COVID-19. There is emerging evidence to suggest association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with development of many liver abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal liver parameters in COVID-19 patients and their variation in moderate and severe cases. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. All patients with COVID -19, between the ages 20-75 years, encountered between April and May 2021, were included for the study and compared with age-matched controls. Severity of infection was defined based on the presence of symptoms, oxygen saturation, need for respiratory and intensive care support. Liver parameters such as serum total bilirubin (TBIL), serum aminotransferases, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) were analysed. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were also included for assay. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients were encountered during the study period. Of these, 29% (15/52) required intensive care. Abnormal liver parameters were observed in 14 (27%) patients, and were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. Liver dysfunction was markedly profound in severe infection than those with moderate disease. Higher levels of CRP and D-dimer were noted in severe patients of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Mild liver abnormalities in the form of elevated ALT and AST are seen in COVID-19 patients suggesting mild or no liver injury. These abnormal parameters do not generally lead to significant liver function impairment/failure and no specific treatment is required.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by filaments of Mucoraceae which invades blood vessels culminating in a lethal opportunistic infection. During the second wave of COVID-19, all over India a spurt of increased reporting of Mucoraecea infection was experienced. Compromised individual immunity system was suspected. Its early diagnosis and suitable surgical intervention were essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. Aim of the Study: To study the demography, clinical features, risk factors, laboratory investigations, and radiological findings of patients with mucormycosis and to evaluate the clinical outcomes in each case. Materials: A cross sectional study from the Department of ENT of Government Medical College Hospital, Ongole;350 COVID-19 RT-PCR positive patients presented with clinical symptoms and signs of Mucormycosis between February 2021 and February 2022 were analyzed. All age groups and genders were included. Mucormycosis proved on microscopic examination of the aspirate or histopathologies of tissue specimens were included. Clinical findings, risk factors, comorbidities, outcome of the disease, biochemical and hematological investigations, radiological signs, nature of fungal elements isolated, treatment instituted were noted. Surgical procedures included were Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery, extended Endoscopic sinus surgery, Medial maxillectomy, ethmoidectomy, Sphenoid exploration, frontal sinusotomy, Orbital exenteration and Skull base surgeries. Antifungal treatment consisted of administration of liposomal Amphotericin B and posaconazole. Result(s): 350 patients included in this study;268/350 (76.57%) males and 82/350 (23.42%) females with a male to female ratio of 3.26:1. 211 (60.28%) patients living in rural areas and 139 (39.71%) living in the urban areas. 324 (92.57%) patients were positive for COVID-19 (RT-PCR) test and 26 patients were negative. There were 233 (66.57%) patients who were obese with more than 30 BMI index and 117 (33.42%) who were with less than 30 BMI index. 299 (85.42%) patients were diabetic and 51 (14.57%) patients were non diabetic. Vaccination was taken 188 (53.71%) of the patients and not taken by 162 (46.28%) of the patients. Mortality rate was 09/350 (02.57%). It was observed that the variables such as Living area, COVID-19 (RT-OCR) test positivity, obesity, Diabetes mellitus and usage of steroids were significantly associated with Mucormycosis in this study. Conclusion(s): Mucormycosis was found to be common in males, from the rural areas. Other significant risk factors for Mucormycosis were COVID-19 (RT-OCR) test positivity, obesity, Diabetes mellitus and usage of steroids. The most common clinical symptoms and signs among were nasal obstruction with noisy breathing, blood stained nasal discharge, headache, periorbital swelling, reduced vision, Ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, and facial pains were common. Surgical management reduced the morbidity and mortality of Mucormycosis in this study.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Marketing involves assembling, storing, processing, packaging, grading, transportation and distribution of agricultural commodities from farmers to consumers. Marketing plays an important role in accelerating the pace of economic development of farmers. The present study mainly deals with the impact of COVID-19 on marketing behaviour of mango growers in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The paper deals with changes that occurred in marketing behavior before and during pandemic, problems faced by the mango growers during pandemic. The study area was selected by purposive sampling and 50 respondents were selected randomly from three villages. The impact of pandemic on marketing behaviour was analyzed with the help of frequency, percentage and paired t-test using SPSS software. Before pandemic 78.40 per cent of mango growers sold their produce when prices are attractive,80.00 per cent sold to the export organization,86.00 per cent to nearby town,78.00 per cent by means of tractor and 82.00 per cent received their market information through fellow farmers. During pandemic, 80.00 per cent of the respondents sold their produce immediately after the harvest, 84.00 per cent of mango growers sold directly to the consumers, 64.00 per cent sold to nearby villages, 64.00 per cent sold by means of other transport sources, 78.00 percent received their market information through social media. Indicators of marketing behaviour such as time of sale, mode of sale, place of sale, mode of transport, source of market information had significant mean difference and showed decrease in mean values during pandemic when compared to before pandemic. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant impact of pandemic on marketing behaviour of mango growers. Major problem faced by the mango growers during pandemic is inadequate transport facilities (Garrett score 69.32) followed by export organizations remain closed(67.68) and fluctuations in price(60.54).
ABSTRACT
Background: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a pandemic since December 2019, claiming millions of lives. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to estimate the various risk factors associated with COVID, to study the common presenting symptoms and prognosis, and to estimate the degree of association between computed tomography (CT) value in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with mode of disease transmission in north coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising of 1462 COVID-positive individuals. It is based on structured questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic and symptoms, and correlation of clinical pattern with CT value in RT-PCR and further prognosis. Results: Diabetes (6.7%), hypertension (7.5%), and bronchial asthma (8.6%) are the main comorbid conditions. Middle (44.6%) and low socioeconomic status (47.3%) are more susceptible. Male gender (63.5%) is more affected, especially 16-30 years age group (32.4%). Vaccination offers considerable protection from infection. Contact (59.4%) with known case and travel (31%) are main factors that determine disease transmission. Blood group may not play a role in COVID susceptibility. Health careworkers (22.9%) and students (16.2%) are mostly affected. Conclusion: Bronchial asthma, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are the predominant risk factors associated with COVID. Transmission of the disease is more by virtue of contact with the infected person than by travel.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Myths regarding AEFI associated with covid vaccines caused fear among general population to take up vaccination against covid. OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the socio-demographic factors associated with AEFI following COVID vaccination among healthcare workers. 2. To study the AEFI following covid vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional study with minimum sample size of 178 and the study was done on 377 healthcare workers using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using pre-structured questionnaire and analyzed using proportions, bar charts & chi-square test of significance. RESULTS: AEFI after first dose and second dose was highest among 21-30 years age group and least among 61-70 yrs age group and below 20 years. AEFI reporting was highest in females compared to males both after first dose and second dose. AEFI after first dose was highest among nursing staff followed by doctors whereas after second dose it was vice-versa. Fever and body pains were the most common adverse events after first dose (within 1-5 days) whereas after second dose, pain at the site of injection and body pains were more common. CONCLUSION: Majority of the adverse events reported after covid vaccination in the study were only minor not needing any hospitalization.
ABSTRACT
Background: To assess the efficacy of various anticoagulants being prescribed in the COVID 19 induced hypercoagulability, so as to know optimally effective anticoagulant. Methods: This was a Indian observational study conducted in our covid centre at vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh between june 2020 to January 2021 . Results: A total of 100 COVID 19 subjects were included. The patients were found to be matched with respect to age, gender, diet and past history of various illnesses. Gender wise more males (60 patients)are affected when compared to females(40 patients). Age group more affected are less than or equal to 50yrs . Comorbidites like Diabetes(67patients),cardiac problems(62patients), dyslipidemia(62patients) were seen. Risk factors like smoking(52patients), alcoholism(50patients) noticed. Almost all subjects are RTPCR positive. IL- 6,CRP,LDH high in most subjects. Ferritin and PT/INR are normal in more subjects. Out of 100 patients oxygen is required in 48 subjects and BIPAP/CPAP required in 26 subjects. Death occurred in 24 patients (2 with CVA,22 with myocardial infraction). Mortality rate is more in vegetarians. More patients in our study belongs to CORADS score 4 and 5. D-dimer are increased in 67subjects. IL-6 are increased in 68patients . Frequency of subjects with raised D-dimer (p = 0.049) and CRP (p = 0.002) levels were found to be benefitted on receiving nattokinase. However, no other parameters such as IL-6 (p = 0.068) ferritin (p = 0.396), ESR (p = 0.278), PT/INR (p = 0.47) LDH (p = 0.34) or CORADS staging achieved such significant association. Also need of interventions such as Oxygen (p = 0.001), BIPAP/CPAP (p < 0.0001) were low in patients on nattokinase. No significant difference was noted in follow up investigations such as PT/INR (p = 0.31) and other markers (D-dimer, IL-6, LDH, CRP) (p = 0.55). No bleeding episodes were reported in subjects on nattokinase. Significant low rate of death was found in subjects who received nattokinase (p < 0.0001) and rivaroxaban (p < 0.0001). Also, significantly higher mortality rate was observed in subjects who required to be put on oxygen (p < 0.0001) as well as BIPAP/CPAP (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Nattokinase simultaneously effects several key favourable benefits for thrombosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, platelet aggregation, and neuroprotection in patients with COVID 19 infection. (Figure Presented).
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Given the mortality and morbidity caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the lack of therapeutic options, the need for vaccines has become inevitable. Knowledge about covid infection after vaccination and vaccine-related side-effects are essential to educate people and avoid myths about vaccination. Aim(s): To evaluate the side-effects and incidence of COVID-19 in vaccinated people, and to compare the side-effect profile and postvaccination incidence of the infection. Material(s) and Method(s): This cross-sectional, email-based, survey was done from 1st July 2021 to 31st July 2021 at Guntur Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 920 people were sent emails about the details and questionnaire of the study. All COVID-19 vaccinated and those who were more than 18 years of age were included in this study. A total of 506 subjects responded. Total 18 questions in the English language were there. The questions were about demographics, co-morbidities, the name of vaccine taken, postvaccination adverse effects, and COVID-19 positivity. Result(s): Of the 506 vaccinated subjects, 287 (56.71%) received Covaxin, 203 (40.11%) received Covishield and 16 (3.16%) received other vaccines (BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine-8, Sputnik V-3, Spikevax-5). The mean age of the participants was 37 years, and 45.2% (229) were females and 54.8% (277) were males. Side-effects were reported by 73.1%, and 65.17% of individuals after the first and second doses of Covaxin, respectively, compared to 84.7% and 62.5% after Covishield. Local pain and tiredness were the most common symptoms after Covaxin and Covishield. Conclusion(s): Local pain and tiredness were the most common side-effects of Covaxin and Covishield vaccines. The number of participants in other vaccine groups was very minimal to study and compare their effects. Overall, the vaccines are safe and seem to show protection, although mild side-effects can be observed, which are usually non fatal. No difference in the incidence of infections was observed between vaccine groups. Copyright © 2022 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: In industrialised and developing economic countries like India, the technology transfer has significantly enhanced the quality of higher education, where the tentacles of digitsation have deeply entered education system, which opened the gateway of blended pedagogy, enabling a greater access to course content, learning preparation in peers and interactions. Across the globe blended learning is applied in pharmaceutical education, but it gained momentum in Indian pharmacy education during the global threat COVID 19 pandemic. Aim and Objectives: The current experimental study of six months duration was performed to investigate the perception of pharmacy students towards blended pedagogy in pharmacy education at undergraduate level. Methodology: In the current experiment survey, a validated standard self-administered questionnaire with 28 inventories under 7 categories was administered to students pursuing undergraduate pharmacy programs in a pharmacy institute located at rural Andhra Pradesh for a period of six months, through online mode;data collection was performed in students showing willingness and further collected data was assessed through excel spread sheet. Result(s): The study observed a two-third satisfaction on an average in terms of all the indicators which influence the blended pedagogy (teacher 71.8%, course content 74.8%, technology transfer 58.7%, interactions 78.8%, and constructive knowledge 73.7%). Conclusion(s): In conclusion, our study envisaged effective student engagement, with more facilitator-student interactions and adaptability;through blended learning which enabled, enhanced and transformed students to active learners. Copyright © 2022, Indian Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: We report the outcomes of renal biopsy proven SLE nephritis patients after COVID-19 infection from Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), a tertiary care referral center and University Hospital in Tirupati, India. Method(s): Our institute has been declared as State COVID-19 hospital in the last week of the March 2020. From then, till now we had admitted and managed COVID-19 patients from several districts of Andhra Pradesh and neighbour states. We collected the data of patients with biopsy proven SLE nephritis contemporaneously from admission to the outcomes on a computerised proforma. We employed the following statistics. For the data of continuous variables and categorical variables, student t test and chi square tests were used respectively. For the risk factors for mortality univariate linear regression was used. We used Medcalc free online software. Result(s): We had identified sixteen patients of SLE nephritis admitted with COVID-19 disease. Of them fourteen were females and two were males. The mean age was 29.3 years. Out of sixteen patients, seven patients, required mechanical ventilator and dialysis and eventually died during their hospitalization. One more patient expired due to disseminated tuberculosis (50%). We identified the patients who died were of younger age, had higher serum creatinine at presentation, higher CT severity score and lower serum albumin as factors which had significant effect on mortality. Conclusion(s): Of the more than 20 studies published on SLE patients with COVID-19, none of the studies focussed on the lupus nephritis. Our results suggested that with the approximately 50% mortality the COVID -19 disease had a calamitous effect on SLE nephritis patients. (Table Presented).
ABSTRACT
Background: This study presents the data of ESRD patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) with COVID-19 disease from Sri Padmavathi Medical College (SPMC) Hospital, SVIMS University, Andhra Pradesh, India which had been ordained as the State COVID Hospital in March 2020. Method(s): We collected the data from March 2020 to December 2021 of ESRD patients on MHD in a retrospective observational study and identified the risk factors for mortality. Result(s): At SPMC Hospital, the total number of COVID-19 disease patients managed was 15,719. The number of deaths reported was 2,878 (18.3%). We idenfited a total of 714 ESRD patients who required MHD during this period. We analyzed data for 595 patients (83.3%). The rest of patient files could not be traced owing to mismatch in the medical record numbers and patient names. The number of ESRD patients on MHD with COVID-19 disease who died were 203 out of 595 (34.1%). We identified age, SpO2 at admission, number of dialysis sessions, total leucocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, blood urea, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), male, diabetes mellitus, oxygen requirement at admission, non invasive ventilation (NIV) at admission and NIV in hospital as significant risk factors for mortality (P<0.001). On multivariate analysis age, NIV during hospital stay and serum LDH returned significant. Conclusion(s): The mortality rate in ESRD patients on MHD with COVID-19 disease at our institution was not divergent from the published studies;however, we identified several different risk factors.